Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is an infection that starts out as plaque, an opaque film on the teeth that gradually hardens into tartar. Tartar accumulates bacteria that attack the soft tissue around the gums. If left untreated, the bacteria destroy the tissue around the teeth and the bone that holds them in place, eventually leading to tooth loss.

Researchers have also discovered a link between gum disease, stroke, heart disease, and diabetes. Diseased gums can also weaken the immune system. Gum disease is treated by removing plaque and tartar buildup from gum pockets and cleaning the teeth with lasers, ultrasonic devices, and antibiotics.